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Water heater leaking: what to do right now

Most leaks can wait a few hours once the water and heat are off. Do these steps first, then call a plumber.

Smell gas? Leave now. Don't flip switches or use a phone inside. Call your gas company and 911 once you're outside.
  1. Stay safe first. If you smell gas, leave the house now and call your gas company and 911 from outside. If water is near outlets, wiring, or the electrical panel, don’t stand in it.
  2. Shut off the water going in. Turn the cold water valve on the pipe at the top of the heater until it stops. That stops the tank from refilling as it leaks.
  3. Turn off the heat. Electric: switch off the water heater’s breaker in the panel. Gas: turn the control knob on the front to OFF (or PILOT if that’s all it has).
  4. Find where the water comes from. Dry the area with towels, then watch where new water shows up: the pipes on top, the relief valve on the side, the drain valve near the bottom, or the tank itself.
  5. Drain it only if you have to. If the tank itself is leaking, hook a garden hose to the drain valve at the bottom, run it to a floor drain or outside, and open a hot water faucet upstairs. Let the water cool first. It can scald.
  6. Clean up and take photos. Mop or wet-vac standing water and take photos of the heater and any damage for your insurance company.

Where it's leaking tells you what's wrong

WhereWhat it usually meansFixable?
Pipes on topA loose fitting on the water linesOften, by tightening or replacing a connector
Relief valve on the sideToo much pressure or heat, or a worn valveUsually. Call a plumber, since pressure problems need a look
Drain valve at the bottomA worn valve or sediment keeping it from sealingOften, by tightening, capping, or replacing the valve
Bottom of the tank or the tank itselfThe tank has rusted through insideNo. The heater needs replacing

Condensation can look like a leak, especially on a gas heater when cold water first fills it. If the drip stops once the tank is hot, it may not be a leak at all.

If it needs replacing

A tank that leaks from its body can't be patched. Here's what the new one will likely cost: water heater replacement cost calculator. In Summit County, the replacement needs a $40 permit, which the plumber normally pulls.

Before you call a plumber

Sources

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